Drawing means lines, shapes, finishes, sizes and colour combined to construct objects or structures. It will be a cumbersome task when narrating an idea without drawing, if the idea is an object or structure. Engineering is heavily depending on drawings, since, technical drawing has developed a global language named Engineering Drawing, capable to express its objects and structure to everyone without the barrier of human languages. Engineering Drawings conveniently helps to explain and record an idea that can be smoothly conveyed to one person to other or sometimes to machine too.

These typical drawings show how to install smoke detectors and heat detectors used in Fire Alarm system on false ceiling. The installation shall be as per the relevant section in the contract specification and drawing has the following major points:

Comply with the General Conditions, Supplementary Conditions and the requirements in various Sections of the Electrical Specification. In addition read and conform to all Electrical Sections of these specifications. The installation shall comprise air networks connected to roof and down conductors and finally terminated in earth electrodes, via structural re-bars and suitable test points in accordance with the details included on the attached drawings or in the Specification Section.

The scope of this specification covers the supply, installation and testing and earthing system of the entire installation and for lightning protection.

Most Construction projects requires underground cabling system for its power supply, some times High tension system too. The architects and builders are least bothered about how this cables routed to the premises and equipment. If electrical professionals pointed out the feasibility, the aesthetics of the project would touch to the intended level. Hence, in the planning stage itself the routes and size of the power cable trench to be incorporated in the project design.

WiMAX Broadband Internet is an IP based Wireless Broadband Access Technology utilizing IEEE 802.16e-2005 standard as the air interface. WiMAX will provide broadband connectivity anywhere, anytime, for any device and on any network. WiMAX is a unique technology being deployed by BSNL for the first time in India.

Compound Demarcation or separations of compounds may use metallic fences sometimes for saving money or aesthetic reasons. Architects and owner of the project decide whether their property protected by compound wall or it needs only fencing. If fencing considered, most cases it will be metallic fence. In the electrical point of view and as a safety measure, metallic fence shall be separately earthed unless they come within 1.8 m of any equipment or structure above the surface of the ground, which is connected to the main earthing system. If the separation of 1.8 m cannot be obtained the fence shall be bonded to the earthing system. Here is how compound fences connecting to the earthing system.

These drawings show how to install Fire Alarm Break Glass (BG) or Manual Call Point (MCP) on walls. It has to be mounted on back box installed in the wall. This box (embedded or exposed as specified in the concerned section of the specification) has to be connected through GI / PVC conduit that will have the Firetuff or equivalent cable to be looped for other detectors. Conduit end to be taken out of the wall above false ceiling to allow the Firetuff cable to be clipped on soffit of the slab.

Drawing below shows how to install Manual call point break glass along with a sounder

In this typical drawing, manual call point break glass unit has been shown as concealed  and the rest  are surface installed in the false ceiling. Sounder has been mounted on ceiling but can also be mounted on wall visibly as per the project specification.

Audio Intercom System being used in high-rise buildings or commercial complexes, provide two way communication from entrances, gates, go-downs, industrial plant rooms and normal doors, to an internal audio handset. It can be used to screen authorized visitors from outside entrance and useful to communicate internally between persons from one room to another room or office spaces. It can also be used to function as effective public announcement system.

The contractor shall supply, install, test and commission the 13.8 KV cable network as shown and indicated on the contract documents. Conductor sizes shall be metric as shown, conductor sizes with cross sectional areas smaller than specified will not be accepted. The cable installation shall include all trench work, sleeves, ducts, and all necessary fixings and cable terminations at both ends of the cable. The contractor shall supply and install cable marker posts to indicate the route of all underground cables. Markers shall be provided at every bend along the route and at sites of crossing roads or pipe lines.

A Digital Video Recorder (DVR) is responsible for obtaining views from live cameras, store and retrieve video footages when it needs. Hikvision has DVR that can be connected upto 32 cameras and capable to control remotely. DVR displays live view on the monitoring device - screen and at the same time it will record data to the HDD connected to it. It can record all the video footage or only in a pre-configured security events occurred. It depends the operator the system owns.

The scope of work shall cover laying, connecting, testing and commissioning of low voltage power cables complete with all cable support, cable, cable trays, clamps and joints. Cables to be purchased from who regularly engaged in the manufacturer of electrical cable and wire products of the types and ratings required, whose products have been in satisfactory use in similar service not less than 5 years. The standard of the cables shall comply with National Electrical Manufacturers Association of local standards or any other approved.

Installation Methods of External, Exterior and Outdoor Lighting System includes lighting equipment luminaires, control gears, panel boards, poles, brackets, cabling, and allied minor civil works. All installations are to be carried out under strict supervision of qualified supervisors and engineers. If installation required heavy vehicles, extreme care has to be taken for preventing damages of lighting equipment, control gears and poles.

Modern Buildings essentially implement the needs of Diesel Powered Electricity Generation Plant. It would become an integral part of the building the day building occupied by its tenants. Here we look into what are the objectives, specifications, services to be considered for functioning complete Diesel Powered Electricity Generation Plant installed in a commercial Building.

Most electronic systems which are responsible for modern advances are based on digital technology. All digital systems, computers and microprocessors are assembled from simple circuits called logic circuits. The basic building blocks of logic circuits are logic gates. And logic gates themselves are simple electronic circuits comprising of diodes, transistors and resistors.

Electrical wiring needs expertise attention to every building projects. It directly related to the safety of human beings and utilities / equipment people handle. The scope of electrical wiring shall cover supply, installation, testing and commissioning of all conduits and accessories, wiring, switches, socket outlets, spur outlets, junction boxes / pull boxes, GI pull wires, ceiling roses making connections etc. This Electrical Construction Article gives comprehensive details of various installation methods, materials used in each installation methods used in building construction projects.

Method of Earthing To Main Distribution Board (MDB)

Main earthing bar is to be provided in main distribution room and connected to earth electrode by 2 insulated conductors (minimum 150 mm2) via testing joints. Earthing bars of main distribution boards are to be connected, by insulated earthing conductor, directly to main earthing bar at main distribution room.

Special areas like Airports, Port Trusts, Naval Base, Military base, Telecom buildings, Refinery, Petroleum handling areas etc. needed highly sophisticated security and access control system. It provides safety and security for both men and equipment the area handling. Here is the specification and installation methods for SACS.

This article explains electrical power cables used in construction works complete with supply, installation, testing and commissioning of High Voltage (HV) and Low Voltage (LV) cables. All cables shall conform to standards of IS 7098-1973, IS 1554-1976 and wiring cables to IS 694-1977 however, contractor shall comply with the latest or superseded versions of IS/BIS to be used for the complete work.